What Factors Explain the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic? :: World History

This essay will discuss Dutch excellence in trade, art and literature individually to discern the factors which explain the high standards of distinction these fields achieved during the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic.Although the smallest of the European powers in terms of territory, population, and immanent resources, for 150 years the Dutch Republic dominated European trade with approximately half of the worlds total stock of seagoing ships at the zenith of its power. How did such an insignificant state rise so rapidly, becoming according to contemporary observer Sir William Temple the envy of some, the fear of others and the wonder of all their neighbours? break commercial patterns since the 16th century had seen the rise of a truly global economy. As the quality of ships improved, skippers travelled further distances with cargo, making arrival times and accessibility of goods unpredictable. A centrally located market where goods could be bought and sold at constant prices was needed. Geographical factors made the Dutch Republic ideal for this role, situated at the intersection of Northern waterways connecting the Atlantic, Baltic and the Rhine. This position had grown in significance since the Mediterraneans function as pivot of international trade had diminished. at heart the country, the Republics extensive waterways, river fleets and timber depots were well suited to a boom. The Republic had already established a leadership in bulk transportation, a firm foundation which could be built upon. Since the 1590s, the moedernegotie or mother trade moved huge quantities of goods such as lumber, fish and grain in grand volume in cheap, simple ships. However, real wealth lay in the rich trades of spices, silver and other luxury goods imported from the East Indies, Africa and the Americas. This trade was antecedently dominated by the Hanseatic states and England, but the Dutch Republics ease of access to the Iberian market and colonial goods enabled it t o overtake the England Muscovy trade by 1600. In 1602, the Dutch East Indies Company or VOC was founded, followed by the Dutch West Indies Company nineteen years later. Throughout the 1630s, training posts were established in Sri Lanka and refreshful Guinea.Several important external factors allowed the establishment of this formidable trade empire at the dawn of the seventeenth century. The first of these was the inflow of immigrants from the Southern Netherlands and other European states in the late 16th and seventeenth centuries. Within the Dutch Republic, between 100,000 and 15,0000 refugees fled from the Spanish forces, settling mainly in Holland or Zeelands towns.

Google Search Essay

What are the companys key resources and war-ridden capabilities? What competitive liabilities and resource weaknesses does it corroborate? What opportunities exist? What threats to its continued success are present?The key resources and competitive capabilities of the look for manufacturing are due to the huge companys success. For instance, Google gains the effrontery of users through with(predicate) reliable, accurate searches and a clear distinction of upfront advertisements in searches. Therefore, the online business users can do their work in token(prenominal) physical locations and lower fixed cost. These locations is fully utilized as they maximize the creativity and being in high-spirit for their working environment. The employees are hired selectively amongst some(prenominal) of the greatest minds in technology and related fields, and are given the tools, freedom, and encouragement to be innovative and fulfilled by their job. Several iconic features of Google remain unparalleled, including their spacious Google Earth and Google Maps capabilities, archetypal YouTube video streaming, and Google Search Appliances that allow other companies to feature Google search bars within their own sites.Being a leader in the search industries, Google is also has a few number of weaknesses. These could have serious implications on the future of their business as such(prenominal) the low revenue that is acquired from YouTube represents a lost opportunity for such a large online presence. Their grasp on the comprehensive social networking market is far behind those of their competitors. And while they remain an constancy leader, their international reach in emerging markets such as China leave much to be desired and acquired.The rapid growth in search industries which revolving around technology and the Internet turns out of giving many opportunities to Google currently and in the near future. For example, the Internet and mobile advertising growth lead the g overnment agency for increasing importance of Search Engine Optimization for marketers. More data on users becomes more readily available using data collected from searches and Chrome. by chance the most important up-and-coming necessity for innovative companies such as Google is theavailability for users to have all of their information in one account through cloud computing.Being in such a competitive and fast moving environment will comes together with the threats to the firms. Companies who are leaders in their industry in avenues Google has attempted to take, such as Facebook for social networking, Microsoft Office for word processing, and Weather.com for detailed weather reports, make finding a stronghold in such ventures very difficult. Users who are already fully integrated are unlikely to switch, and may be hesitate to have their personal information in triune locations. Cloud computing poses a serious threat to possible hacking and identity theft, since a single set of l ogin information could allow access code to a gang of facets of personal information.The ethical concern in the minds of many consumers regarding the ability of companies to track user viewing habits hurts users trust in Google, and is characterized in the blocking habits of Explorer and Firefox. Without access to this information however, the full potential of selective online advertising cannot be reached. Google must also confront substitute services as they arise, so that their main competitive advantage in search specialization is not replicated. In addition, they must be aware of any intellectual property rights laws that may be passed in the near future so as not to impede onto the service they provide.

Did chivalry provide medieval aristocrats?

Chivalry is defined as the ideal qualifications of a knight which includes all the characteristics of valor, courtesy, generosity and dexterity in arms. The code of Chivalry also states that a knight exserts to defend crown and country. To protect, serve and follow the church. Chivalry was the highest order that a Knight has to follow. Others see it as the strictest order of discipline among warriors clad in armor. Perceived as defenders of the King, the Church and the people, they uphold virtues and the ideals of the church During the essence Ages, knighthood was only throttle to the nobles in society.Close relatives of the major power to assume the role of knights. For them to become a knight, they must(prenominal) embark on a ritual that volition seal their loyalty and lives to the cause. As express in the code of Chivalry, Thou shall remain faithful to thy promise word. They are tasked to obey the orders of the King, to defend the ideals of the church, and to protect the people, the weak and the innocent. They were in a total position to closely follow the code of chivalry. During these measure, they were the yielding force of the church.They were tasked with defend the principles of the clergy. If they were so ordered to embark on a crusade or simply punish infidels who were a threat to the Eastern Church at that time. Knighthood is the allow given to nobles. They are regarded, especially with their high class noble ranking as someone who will set themselves as good examples for the community. Nobility has the antecedent to influence therefore it is regarded as something that must be done to show the correct path and persuade others to follow the path in the service of rightness.These were the lots honored characteristics of chivalry during the middle ages. These the codes of discipline that guides a knight in practicing the most revered order during those times. Others see chivalry as nil else alone a political veneer for the nobles during t hose times. As the great historian Johan Huizinga, tally to his works in his book, The Waning of the Middle Ages he stated there thatChivalry was nothing more than the nobles pastime. They glorified the ceremonies and the occasions garbled in robes and gold goblets, reliving the glorious days patterned aft(prenominal) the idealistic values of Chivalry. Conducting tournaments patterned after the styles of knights in armor jousting against from each one other. This according to Huizinga was nothing more than a pastime for the nobles in their search for identity and to profess and show their status in society. Historians also beg to differ to the functions of the Knights during medieval times.They claimed that the Knights primary function is to be the right arm of the church. Yielding to every command that the church designates. They were supposed to live and uphold the very teachings of the church in their everyday lives. They are exemplified role models for society and are suppose d to obtain forbidden the values and set onwards right examples for the citizens to follow. They are also as consequence of their vows and status in the society, required to defend his high Baron or Lord over his interests.These may as well be the profound statements that we are looking for that will show that the Knights were apply as pawns not only by the church however also by their superiors. This thinking has led me to explain how the nobility was expanded from the close relatives of the King, to select members of society. This happened in 1307- 1397 after the death of Edward I. The title of Earl was only limited in the circle of the Royal family. It was only to be given to the immediate relatives of the King. But as the events would have it.The title was given to selected individuals in society by the basis of wealth influence and considerable political influence within their territories. This move was implemented during the reign of King Stephen (1135-1154) and his riva l, Empress Matilda in an attempt to egressbid each other and gather support from Barons in order to claim hierarchy to the throne. This was a move which cheapened the Aristocracy of the Noble Status in the middle ages.The fuss for the King was if he was promoting theright individuals for the status. Politically, it was a move that is hazardous to the Reign of the King. If the right individuals are given such status, it is to the advantage of the king unless if the king thinks that he has the wrong individuals in place, serious political problems may occur. Now what is the relevance of this historical aspect to the chivalry that the knights display in medieval times?According to this, if the people whom the king has chosen to be around him for the purpose of political power are indeed the correct people, them all of this comes into place, but if the infatuated people are placed, then this is a question of authority and hierarchical imbalance for the Knights whom are supposed to follow their immediate Lords. The code of Chivalry according to the Knights stands.Live to serve King and Country, defend thy Land from those who rob and steal from our people. These are the guiding principles for the Knights I have to give them that. But this is not entirely the guinea pig for the aristocrats whom the Knights serve. If the wrong people are placed and with the codes of Chivalry for Knights to follow, it simply gives Chivalry a bad name. In my position, I think that Chivalry is misused by some aristocrats and the clergy during those times.The clergy, for instance in reference to the meaning of chivalry has learned to manipulate it. The ways in which Chivalry is regarded as the highest social order in which Knights are to follow became the arm that controls the mentality of those who follow it and makes them believe that the course of action that take is cool off in line with the codes of Chivalry. Like the famous Crusades of the Middle Ages. The knights were the m essengers of the church at that time and were tasked to carry out to expand the influence of the church. They were told to carry out the tasks of expanding the territories of the kingdom and destroying the so-called infidels who are poised to bring danger to the kingdom and to the church. This for me brings a unique approach on how Chivalry was used by the Nobles and the clergy to carry-out their interests.As political thinkers point it out, the idea of chivalry was indeed taken for given(p) by the Nobles and the church for their political gains and self interests. As stated in the Book of Chivalry, the Knights way of life is focused on military tactics and training, and is evaluate for them to use the abilities and skills that theyve learned for the protection of the King and his constituents. In this case, the King seeing the opportunity may authorize to carry out orders for his Knights to follow.Now with these facts in hand, I would worry to answer the question that Chivalry i s used by Nobles as an escape to a fantasy world to which they will call back. The answer based on the facts stated is yes. Although Chivalry was a word used to describe the highest order of discipline among the Knights, it was also regarded as a tool for Nobles to use in order to carry out their interests. The Nobles dwell into the Dogmas or truths surrounding the code of Chivalry that they find it hard for Knights to disagree.Id like to place my own personal views on this statement. The codes of are for the Knights to follow, if I am a noble I can be reassured that I will be followed by my Knights who are loyal to me and will do what I say as long as my commands fall into the concept of Chivalry . Its a simple task of manipulating the thoughts of individuals who are so keen in following rules that in order for me to bend such rules I have to go over it but on a borderline degree.For me if I would put myself on a Nobles place, I would see Chivalry as a tool to experiment with and carry out my vested interests with the use of such resources such as my knights who have profound influence over the people which allows them to carry out my orders without the fear of rejection among the citizenry. This is a yes based on the theories stated above. But Id like to argue with these theories in my own personal view over Chivalry.I believe Chivalry itself was not used as a fantasy world by the nobles to retreat to, but I think the concept of Chivalry was the one used and abused by the nobles into retreating to what we call their fantasy world. In my own personal opinion, I think it is unfair that thehistorians claim that Chivalry has misled the Knights into thinking that they are following the codes when they carry out the tasks assigned to them. I believe that this is a simple confusion on how the historians and I view Chivalry.If the historians, political thinkers and writers of our time see it as merely manipulating Knights and apply them to fulfill their own gains , I see it as the code in which Knights follow to the highest order. Be it abused or not by their leaders, it is not a question of Nobles using it for their fantasy goals, but for me it is a commitment to an ideal that you follow. The very basic rules that align your life and sets your goals. It is the very mindset that sets you apart from the barbarians and infidels who mock the very ideals of it. It is a way of life that Knights follow and I strongly believe that it is the most disciplined code which can still be followed even in this modern day and age.The words of the Code of Chivalry may be old and often be referred to as sayings of the past, but I do know that these can still shape an individuals life into doing what is good and what is fair to his fellow man. For some this may be a retreat to a fantasy world by Nobles, but for me I have to argue that it is not. If manipulating the concept of Chivalry will be the case its a yes, but Chivalry itself is a word that best exemplif ies the conduct that a man must follow to live in a world of reality, not fantasy.Huizinga, J. The Waning of the Middle Ages. n.d.Keen, M. Chivalry. Yale University Press, 2005.M.Keen. Nobles, Knights, and Men at Arms in the Middle Ages. The Hambledon Press, n.d.Scattergood, V. J. English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages. n.d.

The Frontier in American History

There are quite several sharp notions in The Frontier in the Statesn History by Frederick capital of Mississippi food turner, and all of these notions very well contribute to the revelation that with kind comes the great possibility of acquiring an identity independent as it is from everything else outside.Although much of what is written in the collected essays verifies the idea that the creation of a government of the people surpasses that which is merely imitated, the role of the external elements can be argued as indispensable elements in the establishment of an identity. One of the central themes in The Frontier in American History is the idea of the formation of the government that is distinctive and proper to the Americans.The author, Frederick Jackson turners viewpoint in the book evidently shows his aim towards rendering a piece which will devote on tracing the history of America as well as with the nature of civilization.It has been noted that Turner was one of the ambi tious democratic leader with the bias on lurking deep on the flaws of those who are in office which furthers his conviction on self-reliance and the turmoil revolving around political idiosyncrasy.The author was a piece of hopeful being. Further, another major limit of Turners thesis is that it does not adequately recognize the extent to which frontier societies are shaped by the economic and political systems of the states in which they are located or to which they are most closely linked.It is not merely expansion into a wilderness that explains the character of a frontier society, but rather expansion inside a particular social, economic and political context. In the slave states, for example, westward expansion occurred within an economic and legal context that transplanted the slave system and the determine that went with it into new areas.Written in the year 1920, several collaborations on the critique made in the light of The Frontier serves a moral vision, as presented in moolah during the Worlds Columbian Exposition and has even garnered his works Pulitzer Prize awards a year after he died1.This Wisconsin legend in history and lit has made a large impact on the society that his works were often placed in the table of deliberation as either that which is intellectually beneficial in the astounding arena of history or that which defeats the sagacity of being a historian.The main fact that he held his theory on gamy hopes in building a feasible force in the economic, social and political discussion in America, it is undeniable that majority of historians having the attempt to fully wager up the marvel of The Frontier is admirably an epic as his works were given worth and space in encyclopedias as well as in classroom deliberations.Turners argument is grounded on the premise that a government that is shaped according to other nations or that which resembles or at least partially incorporates external elements from foreign nations will not be suitable for the people and for the entire nation. It can be observed thatTurner firmly adheres to the principle of having an identity that is solidly based on what is natural to the people and to the rest of the country. What is natural supersedes those that are artificialwhat is essentially natural to America is diversity in the truest sense of the word2.Apparently, Turner makes it a point to bridge the issue with diversity to that of having a strong government structured according to the innate qualities of the American people. However, it fails to consider the fact that diversity as well grants the substantial possibility of not actually unifying all the corners of the country into a single and identifiable sphere3.What Turner does is to transcend this diversity and place all the differentalbeit intrinsicAmerican elements into a unified concept that virtually quells, at least in theory, the force of other external factors. He does this at least in the sense of proposing an ideological battle, one that treats ideas far superior than brute or physical force.Although Turner argues that bloodshed is inevitable, he also suggests that the ideas of man will have to take the core of the movement towards the establishment of an independent and unique government and that these ideas should come from the American people themselves and not from anybody else.1 Schultz, S. K. (1999). Turner, Frederick Jackson -Historian (1861-1932). Retrieved October 19, 2007, from http//us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/bios/15.html2 Thies, Cameron G. (2005), War, Rivalry, and State Building in Latin America, American ledger of Political Science, 49 (3), 453.3 Sullivan, John L. (1973), Political Correlates of Social, Economic, and Religious Diversity in the American States, The Journal of Politics, 35 (1), 71.

Left Brain vs Right Brain: How Does It Impact Learning

The go away and full hemispheres of our mental capacity process information in different ways. We tend to process information victimisation our dominant attitude. However, the learning and thinking process is enhanced when both(prenominal) side of the brain participate in a balanced manner.This means strengthening our less(prenominal) dominate hemisphere of the brain. In trying to differentiate between the left and right brain, My wallpaper leave alone show information processing styles that are characteristically substance ab partd by our right or left-brain hemisphere. According to Coballis M. C (2007) The left side of the brain processes information in a linear manner. It processes from part to whole. It takes pieces, lines them up, and arranges them in a logical order then it draws conclusions.The right brain however, processes from whole to parts, holistically. It starts with the answer. It guesss the big picture first, not the details. If one is right-brain ed, he or she may pretend difficulty following a lecture unless he or she given the big picture first. That is why it is absolutely necessary for a right-brained person to enjoin assigned chapter or background information before a lecture or to survey a chapter before reading. Predominantly Right-brained people countenance anaesthetize outlining.They rather wrote the paper first and outlined of later In addition to thinking in a linear manner, the left-brain processes in sequence. They love to make a list of things they need to accomplish during the day. Left brained enjoy making master schedules and daily planning. They complete tasks in order and take pleasure in checking them polish off when they are accomplished.Learning things in sequence is relatively easy for them. By, contrast, the approach of the right-brained student is random. If you are right-brained, you may flit from one tack to another. You will pay back just as much done, but perhaps without havin g addressed priorities. An assignment may be late or incomplete, not because you werent running(a) but because you were working on something else. You were ready to rebel when asked to make study schedules for the week.Because of the random nature of your dominant side, you must make lists, and you must make schedules. This may be your yet hope for survival in college. You should also make a special effort to read directions. Oh yes, the mention of spelling makes you cringe. Use the dictionary, carry a Franklin speller, use the spell checker on your computer. Never turn in an assignment without proofing for spelling. Because the right side of the brain is color sensitive, you might try using modify to learn sequence, making the first step green, the second blue, the last red.Or you may want to walk a sequence, either by physically release from place to place or by imagining it. For the first step of the sequence, you might walk to the frond door for the second, to the kitch en for the third, to the den, etc. Or make Step One a certain place or thing in you dorm room or study place, and Step Two another. If you consistently use the same sequence, you will find that this strategy is transferable to many tasks involving sequence. Symbolic Vs.Concrete Processing The left brain has no trouble processing symbols. Many academic pursuits distinguish with symbols-such as letters, words, and mathematical notations. The left brained person tends to be comfortable with linguistic and mathematical endeavors. Left-brained students will probably just memorize vocabulary words or math formulas. The right brain, on the other hand, wants things to be concrete. The right brain person wants to see, feel, or touch the real object.Right brain students may find had trouble learning to read using phonics. They prefer to see words in context, to see how the formula works. To use your right brain, create opportunities for hands-on activities, use something real wheneve r possible. You may also want to draw out a math problem or illustrate your notes. Logical Vs. Intuitive Processing The left brain processes in a linear, sequential, logical manner.When you process on the left side, you use information piece by piece to solve a math problem or work out a science experiment. When you read and listen, you look for the pieces so that you finish draw logical conclusions. If you process primarily on the right side of the brain, you use intuition. You may know the right answer to a math problem but not be sure how you got it. You may have to start with the answer and work backwards. On a quiz, you have a gut feeling as to which answers are correct, and you are usually right.In writing, it is the left brain that pays attention to mechanics such as spelling, agreement, and punctuation. But the right side pays attention to coherence and meaning that is, your right brain tells you it feels right. oral Vs. Nonverbal Processing Left brain students h ave little trouble expressing themselves in words. Right brain students may know what they mean, but often have trouble finding the right words. The best illustration of this is to listen to people give directions.The left brain person will say something like From here, go west three blocks and turn north on Vine Street. Go three or four miles and then turn east onto Broad Street. The right brain person will sound something like this Turn right (pointing right), by the church over there (pointing again). Then you will pass a McDonalds and a Walmart. At the next light, turn right toward the BP station. So how is this relevant to planning study strategies? Right brain students need to back up everything visually. If its not pen down, they probably wont remember it.And it would be even better for right brain students to illustrate it. They need to get into the habit of making a mental picture show of things as they hear or read them. Right brain students need to know that it ma y take them longer to write a paper and the paper may need more revision before it says what they want it to say. This means allowing extra time when a writing assignment is due. Reality-Based Vs. Fantasy-Oriented Processing The left side of the brain deals with things the way they are-with reality.When left brain students are affected by the environment, they usually adjust to it. Not so with right brain students. They try to replace the environment Left brain people want to know the rules and follow them. In fact, if there are no rules for situations, they will probably make up rules to follow Left brain students know the consequences of not turning in papers on time or of failing a test. But right brain students are sometimes not aware that there is anything wrong. So, if you are right brain, make sure you constantly ask for feedback and reality checks.Its too late the day before finals to ask if you can do extra credit. Keep a careful record of your assignments and tests. Visit with your professor routinely. While this fantasy taste may seem a disadvantage, in some cases it is an advantage. The right brain student is creative. In order to learn about the digestive system, you may fall to become a piece of food And since emotion is processed on the right side of the brain, you will probably remember well anything you become emotionally involved in as you are trying to learn. These are just some of the differences that exist between the left and right hemispheres, but you can see a pattern. Because left brain strategies are the ones used most often in the classroom, right brain students sometimes feel inadequate. However, you now know that you can be flexible and adapt material to the right side of your brain. Likewise, those of you who are predominantly left brain know that it would be wise to use both sides of the brain and employ some right brain strategies.

Determining the of the Effect of the Concentration of Na2S2O3 on the Rate of Reaction Essay

In this try out we reacted different assiduitys of Na2S2O3 (aq) with a constant volume of HCl, and careful the time it took for the X drawn under the beaker in black marker to disappear.Uncertainty Details1. The uncertainty in the volume of Na2S2O3 (aq) and H2O (l) is given by manufacturer of the burettes. As we feel the change in the volume in the burette, the uncertainties are added, and the uncertainty in the volume is 0.1cm2. The uncertainty in the HCl is given by the manufacturer of the measuring cylinder.3. The uncertainty in the time is a rough estimate delibe appreciate by me trying to perfectly obstruct the stopwatch at 5 seconds three times in a row, and in all cases it was about 0.4 seconds reaction time.4. The uncertainty in Total Volume of Na2S2O3 (aq) and H2O is set up by adding the uncertainty in the volume of H2O and the uncertainty in the volume of Na2S2O3.Observations1. We stirred all solutions.2. There is a small delay between when we started the stop watch and poured the HCl, as it is impossible to perfectly coordinate this.3. Bad smell released.4. The stirring speed was non the very(prenominal) for from each one reaction, though it was act to be replicated equally for each reaction.5. The uncertainty given by the last figure on the stop watch was very inaccurate to use, therefore we calculated the reaction time instead to give a a good deal true uncertainty. However this value has a range, so it is not necessarily accurate.CalculationsTo calculate the concentration of the Na2S2O3 in each trial, we use the equation .As for both trials the volumes are all identical, we substructure simply calculate the concentrations for the kickoff trial, and use them for the second.For the first solution, we reach the equation, and thus we do (10.0cm/50.0cm)*0.2 0.04M.As for the uncertainty here, we must add the fractional uncertainty in the volume of sodium sulfate and total volume, and then reckon it by the concentration. The uncertaint y in the initial concentration is unknown, so we do not use any value for it. So (0.1/10.0)+(0.2/50.0) = 0.014. 0.014*0.04 = 0.00056 0.0006.This can be reiterate for all the other concentrations, and is shown in the following tableConcentration of Na2S2O3 (aq) (M)Uncertainty in Concentration (M)Time for Trial 1 (0.4)(s)Time for Trial 2 (0.4)(s)0.04000.0006125.2133.20.08000.000761.465.10.12000.000940.036.70.1600.00129.129.80.2Unavailable (0)24.123.4As in the last concentration no water is added, the whole solution has the same concentration as the initial concentration, so the uncertainty is unknown.Now as the volumes for both trials were identical, we can find an average of the times for both trials. To do this we add the 2 values and divide by 2. For the first one this would be (125.2+133.2)/2 = 129.2s. The uncertainty here would not be affected so it is still 0.4 for all times.Now that we moderate these results, we can find the order of the reaction with respect to Na2S2O3. Now as we know that in order for the x beneath the beaker to not be visible, a certain core of the product must be produced, we assume the same amount of the products is produced in each solution. This then allows us to assume the same amount of the reactants is used up for the x to be formed in all experiments, so even though we do not know the change in concentration of each reaction, we know that it is about the same. Therefore if we bandage 1/time against concentration, we should be able to shoot the breeze the relation between the concentration and the rate, even though we do not have the correct rate.Concentration of Na2S2O3 (aq) (M)Uncertainty in Concentration (M)1/time (Rate) (mol dm-3 s-1)Uncertainty in Rate (mol dm-3 s-1)Now we can plot thisAs we can see in this graph, it is tracear, and Rate is proportional to 1/time. This means that the order of the reaction with relation to Na2S2O3 is 1.Also as the gradient of the line is 0.2166, this tells us that in the rate equation K = 0.2166mol-1dm3s-1. So the rate equation is Rate = 0.2166Na2S2O3HCly. However we do not know the order of HCl as we did not vary the volume of HCl.ConclusionTo conclude, we have calculated the order of the reaction with respect to Na2S2O3 to be 1. This was efficiently experimentally calculated as shown by the graph above. The graph is very fitting, and there are no anomalous points on it. As the R value is so close to 1, we can see that our line fits very well, and that the results are quite precise. Also as we can see from the graph, while the y intercept is supposed to be 0, it is 0.0009. This is due to overbearing error. While this is not 0 like would be ideally, this is not a problem as it is a very small number, and rather insignificant as it would be nearly impossible to have absolutely no systematic error. This error could have been caused by multiple things, though there were no factors that oddly affected the results significantly. The result is extremely accurate, as we were told by our teacher the expected order was 1.EvaluationImprovementsEven though the x disappeared, this does not mean the same amount of precipitate was formed. As the x disappearing is a very unreliable method as the amount of precipitate formed could be more or less in each trial, even if the x disappears. This means we have to make the assumption that the same amount of precipitate was formed so that the same number of moles are used up, allowing us to find the rate and order. This added to our systematic error, thus less to slightly less accurate results as nearly points whitethorn have taken more or less time than needed.Also one of the most error ca use points for sure in this experiment is deciding when the x had disappeared, as I recall countless times in which it had looked like it had disappeared, however it was not completely. However, I did attempt to stop the stop watch at the same point for each one to make it a fair test. As it was unclear at times whether or not the x had disappeared, this would have led to an increase in rate in some trials, and a decrease in rate in others, so the boilersuit effect is unknown.The x drawn could have been drawn bigger and with thicker ink allowing it to stand out much more. This would have meant that as it was easier to see, once it had disappeared completely I would easily be able to tell that it had disappeared as it stands out more.Alternatively, a light meter could have been used, which detects the levels of light1. A light source can be fleck above the beaker, such as a simple lamp. Once enough precipitate has formed, the light meter should detect no light. The data can either be measured using a data logger, which would be started when the reaction was started, and automatically stopped by the light meter, or simply using a stop watch however starting and stopping the time according to the light meter.The temperature in this experiment was not maintained. Though the reactions all took place in t he same fashion within a 1 hour range, the temperature may have varied in that time, so the rates could have at rest(p) up or down depending on the temperature of the room, which could have slightly affected our results. This would have also contributed to the systematic error in the experiment. Furthermore, the temperature during each trial may have also not remained constant, which could have led to slightly different calculated rates.The temperature could have been monitored during each trial so we can see when the rate could have been affected by a rise/fall in temperature. Also if the room was air-conditioned at a constant temperature, this would have meant the room temperature would stay the same (assuming no windows/doors are opened in the time).The uncertainty in the stop watch was much smaller than the actual uncertainty, so I attempted to find my reaction time, which was 0.4. However, when conducting the experiment it is impossible to tell if every time my reaction time was that, as it may have been more or less. This may have increased or decreased the uncertainty here.I could have taken a larger range of samples for my reaction time to fix a more accurate value.As I poured the HCl and started the stop watch at the same time, this meant there was a small delay between when I poured the HCl in and when the stop watch was started. This means that the time was a little bit less than it had to be, once again adding to the slight systematic error.I could have gotten a fellow class mate to press the stop watch as soon as I poured the HCl in, so that there was a much small delay, and more precise results, as well as a smaller systematic error.

Difference Between General Law and Special Law

Legal Notes Conflict between special and familiar honor By umpire Gabriel T. Ingles Cebu Daily News First Posted 115900 10/12/2007 Filed Under polices Reprint this articleSend as an e-mailPost a commentRelated ArticlesPelaez gets court reliefEsperon dares coup plotters articulate truth in courtCalifornia bans smoking in cars with child passengers Also in this sectionGestaltwerte pa si PB Member TebanPartnership for better infrastructureWorthy TanodbayanJoavans comeuppanceBulls are backWhen kit and boodle speakIn need of creativityHealing the waterLimiting, non eliminating fatNo idling ordinance a must Advertisement Vinzons-Chato vs. Fortune Tobacco Corporation, G. R. No. 141309, June 19, 2007 A full frequent statute is angiotensin converting enzyme which embraces a class of prevail overs or places and does not omit any subject or place naturally belonging to such class. A special statute, as the landmark is ordinaryly understood, is one which relates to special persons or things of a class or to a particular portion or section of the state only. A general law and a special law on the same subject are statutes in pari materia and should, accordingly, be read together and harmonized, if possible, with a view to self-aggrandising effect to both.The rule is that where there are two tours, one of which is special and particular and the other general which, if standing alone, would include the same outcome and and so conflict with the special act, the special law must prevail since it evinces the legislative intent more clearly than that of a general statute and must not be taken as think to affect the more particular and specific provisions of the earlier act, unless it is absolutely necessary so to construe it in order to give its words any meaning at all. The circumstance that the special law is passed before or after the general act does not change the principle.Where the special law is later, it will be regarded as an exception to, or a quali fication of, the prior general act and where the general act is later, the special statute will be construed as remaining an exception to its terms, unless repealed expressly or by necessary implication. 22 Thus, in City of manilla v. Teotico, the Court held that Article 2189 of the Civil Code which holds provinces, cities, and municipalities civilly liable for death or injuries by reason of defective conditions of roads and other national works, is a special provision and should prevail over Section 4 of Republic Act No. 09, the Charter of manila paper, in determining the liability for defective highway conditions. Under said Charter, the city shall not be held for damages or injuries arising from the failure of the local officials to enforce the provision of the charter, law, or ordinance, or from negligence tour enforcing or attempting to enforce the same. As explained by the Court Manila maintains that the former provision should prevail over the latter, because Republic Act 409 is a special law, intended exclusively for the City of Manila, whereas the Civil Code is a general law, applicable to the entire Philippines.The Court of Appeals, however, applied the Civil Code, and, we think, correctly. It is true that, insofar as its territorial reserve application is concerned, Republic Act No. 409 is a special law and the Civil Code a general legislation but, as regards the subject matter of the provisions above quoted, Section 4 of Republic Act 409 establishes a general rule regulating the liability of the City of Manila for ? damages or injury to persons or property arising from the failure of? city officers ? to enforce the provisions of? said Act ? or any other law or ordinance, or from negligence? of the city ?Mayor, Municipal Board, or other officers while enforcing or attempting to enforce said provisions.? Upon the other hand, Article 2189 of the Civil Code constitutes a particular prescription making ? provinces, cities and municipalities . . . li able for damages for the death of, or injury suffered by, any person by reason? ? specifically ? ?of the defective condition of roads, streets, bridges, public buildings, and other public works under their control or supervision.? In other words, said section 4 refers to liability arising from negligence, in general, regardless of the objective thereof, whereas Article 2189 governs liability due to ? efective streets,? in particular. Since the present action is based upon the alleged defective condition of a road, said Article 2189 is decisive thereon. In the case of Bagatsing v. Ramirez, the issue was which law should govern the matter of a tax ordinance, the City Charter of Manila, a special act which treats ordinances in general and which requires their publication before enactment and after 23 approval, or the impose Code, a general law, which deals in particular with ? ordinances levying or imposing taxes, fees or other charges,? nd which demands publication only after approv al. In holding that it is the Tax Code which should prevail, the Court elucidated that There is no question that the revise Charter of the City of Manila is a special act since it relates only to the City of Manila, whereas the Local Tax Code is a general law because it applies universally to all local governments. Blackstone defines general law as a universal rule affecting the entire community and special law as one relating to particular persons or things of a class.And the rule commonly said is that a prior special law is not ordinarily repealed by a subsequent general law. The fact that one is special and the other general creates a presumption that the special is to be considered as remaining an exception of the general, one as a general law of the land, the other as the law of a particular case. However, the rule readily yields to a situation where the special statute refers to a subject in general, which the general statute treats in particular. This exactly is the circumsta nce obtaining in the case at bar.Section 17 of the Revised Charter of the City of Manila speaks of ? ordinance? in general, i. e. , disregarding of the nature and scope thereof, whereas, Section 43 of the Local Tax Code relates to ? ordinances levying or imposing taxes, fees or other charges? in particular. In regard, therefore, to ordinances in general, the Revised Charter of the City of Manila is doubtless dominant, but, that dominant force loses its continuity when it approaches the realm of ? ordinances levying or imposing taxes, fees or other charges? in particular. There, the Local Tax Code controls.Here, as always, a general provision must give way to a particular provision. Conflict Between Special and General Law Category Persons and Family Relations Conflict Between Special and General Law What are the rules when a conflict arises between a special and a general law? 1. If the general law was enacted first, the special law is considered the exception to the general law. T herefore the general law remains a good law, and there is no repeal (Lichauco v. Apostol, 44 Phil 138), except insofar as the exception or special law is concerned.However if there are inconsistencies with the general law it is considered as a repeal to the general law. 2. If the special law was enacted first, both special law and general law are good laws unless a. There is an express declaration to nevertheless contrary. b. Or the is a clear , necessary and unreconcilable conflict (Cia General v. Coll. of Customs, 46 Phil. Cool c. Or unless the subsequent general law covers the whole subject and is clearly intended to replace the special law on the matter. (Joaquin v. Navarro, 81 Phil. 373)